This stepbystep guide explains how to install and configure public key infrastructure, based on Windows 2008 R2 Server core offline Root CA Windows 2008 R2. UDP Ports UDP 0 Reserved UDP 1 Port Service Multiplexer UDP 2 Management Utility UDP 3 Compression Process UDP 4 Unassigned UDP 5 Remote Job Entry UDP 6. Install Squid On Solaris 10 Firewall' title='Install Squid On Solaris 10 Firewall' />Darknet Archives. Coreldraw X3 Graphics Suite Keygen. Storage Administration Guide. Chapter 2.  File System Structure and Maintenance. The file system structure is the most basic level of organization in an operating system. The way an operating system interacts with its users, applications, and security model nearly always depends on how the operating system organizes files on storage devices. Providing a common file system structure ensures users and programs can access and write files. File systems break files down into two logical categories. Shareable versus unshareable files. Variable versus static files. Shareable files can be accessed locally and by remote hosts unshareable files are only available locally. News and feature lists of Linux and BSD distributions. CentOS, Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, Windows Server. To run require libcurldev or libcurldevelon rpm linux based git clone httpsgithub. CoolerVoid0d1n need libcurl to run sudo aptget install libcurldev. Variable files, such as log files, can be changed at any time static files, such as binaries, do not change without an action from the system administrator. Categorizing files in this manner helps correlate the function of each file with the permissions assigned to the directories which hold them. How the operating system and its users interact with a file determines the directory in which it is placed, whether that directory is mounted with read only or readwrite permissions, and the level of access each user has to that file. The top level of this organization is crucial access to the underlying directories can be restricted, otherwise security problems could arise if, from the top level down, access rules do not adhere to a rigid structure. Overview of Filesystem Hierarchy Standard FHS. Red Hat Enterprise Linux uses the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard FHS file system structure, which defines the names, locations, and permissions for many file types and directories. The FHS document is the authoritative reference to any FHS compliant file system, but the standard leaves many areas undefined or extensible. This section is an overview of the standard and a description of the parts of the file system not covered by the standard. The two most important elements of FHS compliance are. Compatibility with other FHS compliant systems. The ability to mount a usr partition as read only. This is especially crucial, since usr contains common executables and should not be changed by users. In addition, since usr is mounted as read only, it should be mountable from the CD ROM drive or from another machine via a read only NFS mount. The directories and files noted here are a small subset of those specified by the FHS document. Refer to the latest FHS documentation for the most complete information at http www. Gathering File System Information. The df command reports the systems disk space usage. Its output looks similar to the following. Example 2. 1.  df command output. Filesystem 1. K blocks Used Available Use Mounted on. Vol. Group. 00 Log. Vol. 00. 1. 16. 75. By default, df shows the partition size in 1 kilobyte blocks and the amount of used and available disk space in kilobytes. To view the information in megabytes and gigabytes, use the command df h. The h argument stands for human readable format. The output for df h looks similar to the following. Example 2. 2.  df h command output. Filesystem Size Used Avail Use Mounted on. Vol. Group. 00 Log. Vol. 00. 1. 2G 6. G 4. 6. G 5. 7 devsda. M 9. 1. M 8. 5M 1. M 0 3. 16. M 0 devshm. In the above examples, the mounted partition devshm represents the systems virtual memory file system. The du command displays the estimated amount of space being used by files in a directory, displaying the disk usage of each subdirectory. The last line in the output of du shows the total disk usage of the directory to see only the total disk usage of a directory in human readable format, use du hs. For more options, refer to man du. To view the systems partitions and disk space usage in a graphical format, use the Gnome System Monitor by clicking on or using the command gnome system monitor. Select the File Systems tab to view the systems partitions. The figure below illustrates the File Systems tab. Figure 2. 1.  GNOME System Monitor File Systems tab. The boot Directory. The boot directory contains static files required to boot the system, for example, the Linux kernel. These files are essential for the system to boot properly. Do not remove the boot directory. Doing so renders the system unbootable. The dev Directory. The dev directory contains device nodes that represent the following device types. These device nodes are essential for the system to function properly. The udevd daemon creates and removes device nodes in dev as needed. Devices in the dev directory and subdirectories are defined as either character providing only a serial stream of input and output, for example, mouse or keyboard or block accessible randomly, for example, a hard drive or a floppy drive. If GNOME or KDE is installed, some storage devices are automatically detected when connected such as with a USB or inserted such as a CD or DVD drive, and a pop up window displaying the contents appears. Table 2. 1.  Examples of common files in the dev directory File Description devhda The master device on the primary IDE channel. The slave device on the primary IDE channel. The first virtual console. The second virtual console. The first device on the primary SCSI or SATA channel. The first parallel port. S0 Serial port. 2. The etc Directory. The etc directory is reserved for configuration files that are local to the machine. It should contain no binaries any binaries should be moved to bin or sbin. For example, the etcskel directory stores skeleton user files, which are used to populate a home directory when a user is first created. Applications also store their configuration files in this directory and may reference them when executed. The etcexports file controls which file systems export to remote hosts. The lib Directory. The lib directory should only contain libraries needed to execute the binaries in bin and sbin. These shared library images are used to boot the system or execute commands within the root file system. The media Directory. The media directory contains subdirectories used as mount points for removable media, such as USB storage media, DVDs, and CD ROMs. The mnt Directory. The mnt directory is reserved for temporarily mounted file systems, such as NFS file system mounts. For all removable storage media, use the media directory. Automatically detected removable media will be mounted in the media directory. The mnt directory must not be used by installation programs. The opt Directory. The opt directory is normally reserved for software and add on packages that are not part of the default installation. A package that installs to opt creates a directory bearing its name, for example optpackagename. In most cases, such packages follow a predictable subdirectory structure most store their binaries in optpackagenamebin and their man pages in optpackagenameman. The proc Directory. The proc directory contains special files that either extract information from the kernel or send information to it. Examples of such information include system memory, CPU information, and hardware configuration. For more information about proc, refer to Section 2. The proc Virtual File System. The sbin Directory. The sbin directory stores binaries essential for booting, restoring, recovering, or repairing the system. The binaries in sbin require root privileges to use. In addition, sbin contains binaries used by the system before the usr directory is mounted any system utilities used after usr is mounted are typically placed in usrsbin. At a minimum, the following programs should be stored in sbin. The srv Directory. The srv directory contains site specific data served by a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system. This directory gives users the location of data files for a particular service, such as FTP, WWW, or CVS. Data that only pertains to a specific user should go in the home directory.